Welcome to Veterinary Regional Referral Hospital, Decatur Alabama
Dr. Michael Newman and Dr. Kathleen Mullins, along with a staff of caring professionals, work closely with your general practice veterinarian to insure that your pet’s surgical and diagnostic needs are met. We are dedicated to helping you and your pet enjoy each other’s company for years to come.
General Surgery
Our Hospital is equipped to perform most major soft tissue surgeries, particularly of the abdomen and chest. Surgeries involving 
neoplasia(cancer) are frequently performed. Follow-up chemotherapy is also available in appropriate cases.
Orthopedic Surgery
This includes joint and fracture repair using the latest equipment and techniques. All forms of fixation devices are available for use in the most complicated orthopedic cases.
Hips
Examinations and surgical recommendations are part of our hip evaluation program. We are presently emphasizing early detection and treatment where necessary for hip dysplasia in puppies. Routine examinations start at four months of age.
Spinal Column
Our caseload has evolved into a major referral center for spinal column disease. This includes intervertebral disc herniations, infections, neoplasia (cancer), and degenerative changes. Evaluations include plain and contrast radiography and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
Critical Care
Many times a critically ill patient needs continuing care. The Veterinarians who provide our emergency services also provide critical care after-hours.
Advanced Imaging
Our capabilities include digital imaging and computerized tomography (CT). With these advanced techniques, we are better able to diagnose diseases in dogs and cats. Our state-of-the-art in-house lab is another capability that speeds the diagnostic process.
Continuing Education
Our service offers additional help to area veterinarians in the form of case reviews, second opinions, hands-on assistance with surgical cases, scheduled rounds as well as phone and radiographic consultations.
Emergency Services
We have veterinarians on staff who handle after-hours emergencies. Our emergency care service, that is care for a situation needing immediate attention, does not require a referral and is available only after-hours.
Quality Pet Care in a Compassionate Environment
Dr. Newman’s education, training and nearly 30 years of experience give him the knowledge to provide his patients with the best care. Dr. Newman is a graduate of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Auburn University with a doctorate in veterinary medicine and a master’s degree in veterinary surgery. He also obtained a bachelor’s degree in Zoology from North Carolina State University.
Dr. Newman completed a two-year internship at Grady Veterinary Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio with mentoring by surgeons from the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine. He also completed a residency in surgery at Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, and became part of the Auburn faculty while completing his master’s degree and his surgical residency.
In addition to his training, Dr. Newman sits on the Council for American Veterinarian Medical Association for Research, the Council for Jefferson State Veterinary Technician School, the board for Animal Shelters and Decatur Animal Services, and is the Immediate Past President of the Alabama Veterinary Medical Association.
ByJohnathan Elliott DVM
Urethral obstruction in cats is a common and serious emergency that is seen primarily inmale cats, but obstruction can occur in female cats. It is fatal if urine flow is not restored within 24-48 hours. Typically cats present on emergency with a history of lethargy, depression, anorexia, and being uncomfortable in their abdominal area. There is also a prior history of straining to urinate, painful urination, urinating more frequently, and blood in the urine. Cats may also urinate “inappropriately” outside the litter box or in unusual locations.
Urethral obstruction can occur due to stones, sediment, or tumors. Typically male cats have a urethral “plug” composed of crystals and mucous that lodge in the penis. Once the penis has become obstructed, it acts like a dam in a river, and causes back pressure that extends from the bladder to the kidneys. The resulting dysfunction of the kidney leads to decreased sodium and water reabsorption and excretion of potassium and acids. The end result is acute renal failure and increases in potassium causing cardiac arrest.
Physical examination of these cats reveals a large, firm, painful bladder. Depending on the duration of obstruction, they may be recumbent, have a low heart rate, and possibly be in a coma. Palpation of firm bladder, with history is very supportive but radiographs can reveal certain types of stones in the bladder or urethra.
Immediate treatment involves IV fluids and relieving the blockage by passage of a urinary catheter. Laboratory analysis of blood and urine is necessary to assess the severity of kidney injury and in order to treat electrolyte abnormalities. Aggressive fluid therapy is critical to reestablish normal hydration and kidney function. Cats are typically hospitalized for a few days but surgery is recommended for cats with recurrent obstructions, urethral trauma, or when urethral stones are present.
With correct initial management, the short term prognosis for resolving the obstruction and correcting metabolic abnormalities is good. Cats that have had long standing obstruction carry a poorer prognosis than those of shorter duration. Recognizing the signs of feline urethral obstruction is very important and can mean the difference between life and death in our feline friends.
Additional information
http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&S=0&C=0&A=1111
Adapted from The Feline Patient by Gary Norsworthy, et al.
Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) is one of the most common causes of regenerative anemia in dogs. It is a life threatening disease that affects some of the most popular breeds of dogs such as the Miniature Schnauzer, Collie, Springer Spaniel, Poodle, Bichon Frise, Miniature Pinscher, Spitz and Old English Sheepdog. IMHA can occur in any breed but the American Cocker Spaniel is 12 times more likely than other breeds to develop IMHA.
Recognizing the symptoms of IMHA can mean the difference between life and death for your beloved pet. This article will discuss the specifics of the disease process, treatment and the signs that indicate that your pet needs prompt Veterinary Medical attention.
One of the first things you may notice is lethargy. Your pet seems “droopy.” He has not wanted to play with his favorite toy or she has not greeted family members when they have returned from work or school. You may also notice rapid breathing (tachypnea), or discolored urine (red or amber). Nosebleeds, vomiting, diarrhea or melena (dark tarry stool) can also be seen with this disease. In more severe cases, our pet may seem normal until she collapses.
If your pet displays any of these symptoms, check his gums. The gums of a non-pigmented breed should look just like yours, bright pink and moist. In IMHA, your pet’s gums may be pale pink or almost white. You may notice a yellow color (jaundice) and/or spots that look like bruises. These bruises may be pinpoint (petechiae) or larger dots (ecchymoses) and are indicative of a serious clotting problem from the destruction of platelets (Thrombocytopenia).
If you notice any combination of these symptoms, seek Veterinary Medical attention immediately. IMHA cannot be treated with any over -the- counter medications and delay in treatment may result in serious complications (including death).
Scientists have studied this disease and have identified two types of IMHA, Primary and Secondary. Primary IMHA is caused when the immune system develops antibodies to healthy Red Blood Cells (RBC’s) and starts to destroy them. Secondary IMHA occurs when another disease process alters the proteins on the surface of RBC’s which stimulates the immune system to produce auto-reactive antibodies and destroy these altered red blood cells.
The cause of Primary IMHA is not known. Cancer, some infectious disease, and administration of certain drugs haven been shown to cause Secondary IMHA.
Infectious disease agents that have been implicated in the development of IMHA include some Tick-borne diseases; (Babesiosis, Haemobartonellosis, Anaplasmosis); Salmonella (a common cause of food poisoning), Hookworm and Whipworm infestations.
Some cancers such as Lymphosarcoma, Leukemia, Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Lung cancer (Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma), Mast Cell Tumor and vascular tumors of the spleen have been linked to the development of IMHA presumably through alterations in proteins on the surface of red blood cells.
Inflammatory conditions of the Pancreas, Prostate, and Bladder as well as Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE or Lupus) have led to the development of IMHA. The administration of Levamisole and Griseofulvin (antifungals), Carprofen (NSAID, Rimadyl) and Cephalosporins (antibiotic) have been implicated in some cases of IMHA.
Certain toxins such as Rattlesnake and Bee venom have been known to cause Secondary IMHA in dogs. Recent Vaccination has been noted in many cases of the Secondary IMHA. Mechanisms by which vaccination could cause IMHA are not known but non-specific immune stimulation and exacerbation of pre-existing disease are suspected.
Your Primary Care Veterinarian should be aware of your pet’s medical history but she may not be familiar with your pet’s travel history. Be sure to tell your Veterinarian of recent trips your pet has taken and inform your Primary Care Veterinarian of any medical care that has been provided by another DVM. Providing your Veterinarian with a thorough and detailed history is essential for making a timely and accurate diagnosis.
After your pet has been examined, your Veterinarian will perform a series of tests. Serum Chemistries to assess organ function, a CBC to measure relative numbers of red and white blood cell populations, and a blood smear to observe the blood cells directly. A Urinalysis will measure the amount of hemoglobin (red blood cell protein) being passed in the urine. The Saline Agglutination Test allows for direct observation of the effects of anti-RBC antibodies and confirms the diagnosis of IMHA. Radiographs will be taken to identify enlarged organs or tumors and rule out other conditions that mimic IMHA (i.e. Zinc Toxicity from the ingestion of coins). Your Veterinarian may also test for Tick borne diseases if your pet has recently traveled to certain areas.
Treatment of IMHA is supportive and involves treatment of suspected or confirmed underlying disease. Any medications (see above) that may be causing hemolysis will be discontinued. Antibiotics will be given if Tick bourne diseases are suspected or diagnosed.
Most dogs with IMHA will need a blood transfusion and IV fluids. Dogs tolerate blood transfusions very well and they significantly improve survival. Dogs with no previous history of transfusion or a history of a first transfusion no longer than 5 days before, can receive “Universal Donor” blood products or Oxyglobin (an oxygen carrying solution made from cow’s blood).
Your Veterinarian will also give drugs to suppress the immune system. Steroids (Prednisone, Dexamethasone) are often given in combination with Chemotherapy drugs to produce adequate immunosupression while decreasing undesirable side effects of steroids.
After your pet comes home from the Veterinary Hospital, she will remain on medications on a tapering schedule as directed by your Veterinarian. Regular follow-up visits will be required to monitor the disease’s response to treatment and make adjustments as needed. Some dogs will need lifelong therapy.
In summary, Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (IMHA) is a disease that affects many breeds of dogs but the American Cocker Spaniel is overrepresented. There are two forms of IMHA, Primary and Secondary. The most common signs are weakness, lethargy and pale gums. Some severely affected dogs will collapse with little or no warning. Prompt medical attention is necessary. Be sure to tell your Veterinarian about recent trips or any vaccinations or medications prescribed by another Veterinarian. Treatment is supportive, consisting of blood transfusion, IV fluids, immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotics if needed. Treatment is often long-term and some dogs will need life-long therapy.
This article is dedicated the memory of “Ringo” Peevy.
Adapted from Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine by Silverstein, D C and Hopper, K.
Holiday Hazards
by Kristin Raboin, DVM
VRRH Emergency Services Veterinarian
We all love our pets and want to include them in holiday festivities. Including them in gatherings and family traditions can be a great bonding experience and a lot of fun. Here are some tips to help keep them safe:
Game Day BBQ’s
Football is a popular pastime here in the South. Our pets frequently don sports jerseys and may even attend tailgating parties. To help keep your pet safe, make sure she is always attended and on a leash. She should have access to shade and fresh water, especially if outdoors. Tailgating food is often rich and fatty, and should not be given to dogs. Doing so could cause gastroenteritis and pancreatitis. Gastroenteritis is an inflamed stomach and intestines, and can lead to discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pancreatitis is an overactive pancreas and can be fatal. Pets with pancreatitis are often painful in their belly and are vomiting. Your pets should also not be given alcohol or beer of any kind. Cigarette and cigar butts should be thrown away out of your pet’s reach.
Halloween
Unfortunately, there are people who still perform cruel acts to animals. Statistics show that Halloween is a common time for this to take place. Keeping animals indoors ensures their safety. Also, it is important to keep chocolate and other candy out of your pet’s reach. Not only is chocolate toxic to dogs, but it can also cause pancreatitis. Chocolate toxicity can manifest as vomiting and diarrhea, hyperactivity, elevated heart rate or even seizures and death in extreme cases. Candies and sugar-free gums containing xylitol cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and can also be fatal if ingested. Small costume accessory’s/parts should be kept away from pets. If you chose to walk your dog while trick-or-treating, be sure she is on a leash and that her costume is not restrictive or uncomfortable. You can share your roasted pumpkin seeds or cooked pumpkin (in small amounts) with your pets!
Thanksgiving
We all know how much dogs love bones, but the truth is that bones from meat are not a good idea. Poultry bones especially can splinter and break, causing pointy edges that can puncture the stomach. Bones can also cause an obstruction and gastroenteritis. Other typical Thanksgiving foods tend to be basted in butter, oils, and salts, and can lead to pancreatitis and gastroenteritis. A small amount of turkey or broth is acceptable, but other foods should be avoided. Anything with onions or garlic can be toxic to dogs. Table food in general can lead to weight gain and a myriad of other issues like diabetes and joint problems. Know that your dog and cat are thankful for you, even if they don’t get extra treats!
Christmas and Hanukkah
It’s nice to give our pets a special toy or snack for the holiday, but be sure that all gift wrapping is put out of reach. Tree ornaments should also be placed out of reach, or watched if your cat climbs the tree. If ingested, ornaments, garland, ribbons, and tree “icicles” can cause a blockage that may lead to abdominal surgery. Inappetence, vomiting, and lethargy or restlessness are some signs associated with intestinal blockage. Christmas tree water is NOT an acceptable water source as it can contain bacteria, fertilizers, and chemicals. Also, if chewed or swallowed, corrosive material in batteries can lead to painful ulceration of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.
New Year’s
Again, table food and alcohol should not be given to animals. If you are celebrating outdoors, be sure your pet is on leash. Understand that fireworks may visibly upset your pet, and may cause her to run off if outside.
Pets are affected by the weather too! Be sure your outdoor pets have a warm, dry bed during the colder months. Water should be checked daily; frozen water bowls do not allow the pet to drink! Older pets may have stiffer joints as the weather cools. Be mindful of seasonal decorations, such as lights, candles, and potpourri, as chewing or swallowing these items can cause problems. Some pets may also be affected or stressed by you leaving town, people and other pets visiting your house, and a general disruption of their routine. Be sure you make boarding arrangements early. If you notice a change in your pet’s behavior, be sure to contact your primary veterinarian.
We hope these tips will help you enjoy a safe holiday season with your pets!
Although we don’t see white winters as often south of the Mason-Dixon Line, we still experience harsh weather here in Alabama. Here are some tips about caring for your pets in colder weather:
Antifreeze (Ethylene Glycol) and De-icing Solutions
Many people use antifreeze in the fall and winter months. Antifreeze can be used in cars/trucks, recreational vehicles, home air conditioning units, and even swimming pools. Although some efforts have been made to make antifreeze more pet friendly, ALL forms of antifreeze are poisonous to pets. Unfortunately, its sweet taste makes it difficult for pets to resist and cats are especially sensitive. It is imperative to keep pets away from antifreeze. Wipe up spills immediately and dispose of antifreeze in a capped container. Seek veterinary attention immediately if ingestion occurs. De-Icing solutions (usually salts) can also be detrimental to a pet’s health. Wipe paws and their belly after walks to prevent them from licking off the solution.
Fan Belts
Outdoor cats will often curl up in the fan belt overnight to seek shelter. Turning on the motor can cause serious or even fatal injury to an unsuspecting cat. Knocking or banging on the hood prior to starting your car will usually scare the cat out and allow him to run away.
Hypothermia (Low body temperature)
Hypothermia in a cat or dog occurs when their rectal temperature is below 100.5. Young puppies/kittens and older pets are more susceptible to the effects of hypothermia. In extreme cold, pets can freeze to death. To prevent hypothermia from environmental causes, pets should be offered adequate warm, clean, and dry shelter, preferably in your house. If they can not stay in the house, consider keeping them in a garage or laundry room, especially on colder nights. If they must stay outside, an insulated, weather-proof dog house is required. Dog houses should be large enough for him to stand and turn around, and should have a wind block. Blankets or bedding (straw) can help provide warmth. Heating blankets, pad, and lamps should be used with extreme caution; these devices can catch fire. Towels can be warmed in a dryer to add warmth. Many people use sweaters and/or booties for their pets. These are great at keeping pets warm, especially small or toy, short-haired and thin breeds. Long-haired pets should be allowed to keep their natural coat in the winter.
Dehydration
In cold weather, water bowls may freeze and contribute to decreased water intake from your pets. Check water bowls twice daily to be sure that fresh, unfrozen water is available. Heated bowls can be purchased.
Nutrition
Just like people, pets often eat more during the winter months. This is especially true for outdoor or active pets; their metabolic needs are higher since their body is working harder to stay warm. Be sure you are providing adequate amounts of a high quality pet food while keeping a close eye on weight gain. Excess weight can be detrimental, especially to pets already suffering from arthritis.
Arthritis
Similarly to humans, both dogs and cats can suffer from arthritis. The effects of arthritis can be more pronounced in the winter months. They may have a harder time standing or rising, climbing stairs or jumping, or be more “lazy.” Talk to your family vet if you see these signs as diet changes, pain medications, and/or nutritional supplements may be warranted. Offering warm, cushy bedding to lie on and keeping your pets weight in check can also be helpful.
For more information, please speak with your family vet, or visit the following:
www.aspca.org/pet-care/pet-care-tips/cold-weather-tips
Kristin Raboin, DVM
VRRH Emergency Services Veterinarian